Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: A) FORTRAN
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) was designed for scientific and engineering calculations.

note!Answer: B) COBOL
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) was developed for business data processing.

note!Answer: A) machine language
Machine language consists only of binary 0s and 1s, which makes writing programs in it very difficult.

note!Answer: A) system software
System software controls and runs the computer and executes application programs.

note!Answer: B) application software
MS Office, Tally and Flash are programs built for end-user tasks, which makes them application software.

note!Answer: D) Ms-word
MS Word is application software, whereas Windows, Linux and Unix are operating systems, which are system software.

note!Answer: D) 1024 MB
1 GB = 1024 MB, and 1 MB = 1024 KB. Option b describes 1 MB, not 1 GB.

note!Answer: D) 10 Ghz
10 GHz is the largest clock speed listed, so it is the fastest.

note!Answer: B) Mhz
Processor clock speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

note!Answer: D) all of above
The CPU consists of the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), and registers or memory unit.

note!Answer: D) speaker
A speaker is an output device and cannot store data, while the other options are storage media.

note!Answer: B) ALU
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.

note!Answer: D) ROM
ROM is primary memory, which is built into the computer. Hard disks, CDs and pen drives are secondary storage.

note!Answer: A) AND
AND gives output 1 for only one of the four input combinations (1,1), while OR, XOR give 1 for three or two.

note!Answer: B) An OR followed by a NOT
NOR is the negation of OR, so it is an OR followed by a NOT.

note!Answer: D) 100.101
4 is 100 in binary, and 5/8 is 0.101 (1/2 + 1/8), so the result is 100.101.

note!Answer: C) 00000101
A positive number in two's complement has the same form as in plain binary, so 5 is 00000101.

note!Answer: B) 0100 + 0100
In 4-bit two's complement, 4 + 4 = 8 exceeds the maximum of 7, giving 1000 (-8), which is an overflow. The other sums stay within range.

note!Answer: A) 00000010
In 8-bit two's complement, 00000010 is +2, which is larger than +1, -1 and -2.

note!Answer: C) A6
A6 is 1010 0110 in binary, and its leading bit is 1, so it is negative. The other values have leading bit 0.