Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: B) 2nd
Transistors were the key component of second-generation computers (about 1956–1963), which replaced vacuum tubes used in the first generation.

note!Answer: B) Keyboard
Keyboards are personal input devices that are normally attached to one computer and not shared over a network. Floppy drives, computers, and printers can all be shared.

note!Answer: D) No one of the above
All the listed ports exist (or have existed) on computers:
USB – Universal Serial Bus ports are standard on virtually all modern computers.
Parallel – Parallel ports (e.g., LPT1) were widely used for printers and other devices, especially on older PCs.
COM 1 / COM 2 – These are serial ports (RS-232), commonly present on older systems and still found (or emulated) on many computers.

Since none of the options A–C refer to a nonexistent port, the correct choice is D.

note!Answer: D) 4 bit
A nibble is 4 bits, and a byte is 8 bits (two nibbles). Only option d, 4 bit, is correct.

note!Answer: B) CPU
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs the processing of data. RAM and hard disks store data, not process it.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Data can be stored on floppy disks, hard disks, and magnetic tapes, which are all secondary storage devices.

note!Answer: B) 10(-9) seconds
A nanosecond is one billionth of a second, which is 10^-9 seconds. Micro is 10^-6, pico is 10^-12, and femto is 10^-15.

note!Answer: C) 11
Binary 1011 = 1×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 1×1 = 11 in decimal.

note!Answer: A) Input
A scanner converts images or documents into digital form and sends them to the computer, so it is an input device.

note!Answer: B) Microprocessor
Pentium is a brand of microprocessor (CPU), the chip that executes instructions. It is not an ALU, monitor, or memory.

note!Answer: B) Machine language
Machine language, the binary code a computer runs directly, is the first generation language (1GL). Binary is a number system, not a generation name.

note!Answer: B) Program
A compiler and an interpreter are both system software programs that translate high-level code into machine code.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
CD-ROM, hard disk, and magnetic tape are all mass storage devices that hold large amounts of data for long-term use.

note!Answer: C) 8 bits
One byte equals 8 bits. A nibble is 4 bits, and 16 bits is a word on some older systems.

note!Answer: A) Input, output, CPU and memory
The basic functional units of a computer are input devices, output devices, the CPU (control unit and ALU), and memory.

note!Answer: B) Modulator and demodulator
A modem (MODulator-DEModulator) converts digital signals to analog for transmission over phone lines and back again.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Computers are classified by working principle as analog, digital, or hybrid, so 'All of the above' is correct.

note!Answer: C) 1024 kilobytes
1 MB = 1024 KB, since each binary prefix step (KB, MB, GB) is a factor of 1024. 1 KB = 1024 bytes.

note!Answer: A) 1024 MB
1 GB = 1024 MB. Each unit is 1024 times the one below it.

note!Answer: C) 3
There are three types of language processors: assembler, compiler, and interpreter.