Computer & IT

note!Answer: B) Nerve center of computer
The Control Unit (CU) directs and coordinates all operations within the computer, which is why it is called the nerve center. It is a component of the CPU, not the main memory.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Sorting arranges data in any order: chronologically (by date/time), alphabetically (text), or numerically (numbers). So all of the above is correct.

note!Answer: D) all of the above
A. It is an output device: A monitor takes data from the computer and displays it as text, images and video. It does not send data back to the computer, so it is an output device.
B. Color resolution: This is the number of different colors a monitor can display. It depends on how many bits are used to describe each pixel’s color.
C. Color depth: This is the number of bits used to represent the color of one pixel. For example, 8-bit gives 256 colors, and 24-bit gives about 16.7 million colors. Color resolution and color depth are closely related, and the two terms are often used for the same idea.

Since all three statements are correct, the answer is D.

Alternative form (if your exam wants the “not” version):

Which of the following is NOT related to a monitor?
A. Output device
B. Color depth
C. Color resolution
D. Keyboard

Answer: D. Keyboard, because a keyboard is an input device, while the other three describe a monitor.

note!Answer: A) Speed, expansion
USB is known for high data transfer speed and easy expansion (many devices can be connected). It is not slow.

note!Answer: C) Vacuum tubes
First-generation computers (1940s–1950s) used vacuum tubes. IC and microchips came in later generations.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Pixels are the building blocks of screen display. VGA, EGA and SVGA are display standards that depend on pixel resolution, so all of the above fits.

-> Pixel भनेको स्क्रिनमा देखिने सबैभन्दा सानो बिन्दु (picture element) हो।
-> VGA, EGA र SVGA सबै raster graphics मा आधारित पुराना ग्राफिक्स स्ट्यान्डर्ड हुन्।
-> यी सबैमा तस्बिर बनाउन pixels नै प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

| Standard | Resolution उदाहरण | Pixel प्रयोग हुन्छ? |
|----------|---------------------|---------------------|
| EGA | 640 × 350 | हुन्छ |
| VGA | 640 × 480 | हुन्छ |
| SVGA | 800 × 600 र माथि | हुन्छ |

note!Answer: B) Auxiliary memory
A hard disk is auxiliary (secondary) storage. It is non-volatile and is not the primary memory (RAM) used directly by the CPU.

note!Answer: A) one byte
A byte is 8 bits. A nibble is 4 bits, and a kilobyte and a gigabyte are much larger units.

note!Answer: C) DDL
DDL (Data Definition Language) is not a programming language. It is a part of SQL used to define the structure of a database, with commands like CREATE, ALTER and DROP. It cannot be used to write general programs with logic, loops and so on.

note!Answer: C) Interpreter
-> A compiler translates the whole program at one time into machine code.
-> An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.
-> A translator is a general name for any program that translates code (like compiler or interpreter).
-> An interpreter reads the source program one line at a time, translates that line, and immediately runs it. Then it moves to the next line.
So, the program that translates line by line is an Interpreter.

note!Answer: D) MS-Windows
Packaged software means ready-made application software that you can buy and use directly for specific tasks (like writing documents, making presentations, or managing databases).

-> MS-Word is packaged software (for writing documents).
-> MS-PowerPoint is packaged software (for making presentations).
-> MS-Access is packaged software (for creating databases).

MS-Windows is an operating system. It is system software that controls the computer hardware and runs other programs. It is not considered an example of packaged (application) software.

note!Answer: C) Device driver
A device driver is system software that lets the operating system control hardware. Scientific software, games and multimedia software are all application software.

note!Answer: C) Speaker
A speaker is an output device because it sends sound out of the computer. Mouse, scanner and digital camera are input devices.

note!Answer: A) Keyboard
The keyboard is the most widely used input device for typing text and commands. The other options are used far less often.

note!Answer: C) 101 keys
The standard keyboard used in personal computers is called the Enhanced Keyboard (or AT Enhanced Keyboard).
It has 101 keys in the common US layout.
(Some European versions have 102 keys, and modern Windows keyboards have 104 keys with the Windows and Menu keys. But in most basic computer exam questions, the accepted standard answer is 101 keys.)

note!Answer: B) Caps Lock
The Caps Lock key toggles between uppercase and lowercase letter entry. Alt, Ctrl and Enter have other functions.

note!Answer: B) Backspace
The Backspace key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. Delete removes the character to the right.

note!Answer: C) Enter
The Enter key inserts a new line or starts a new paragraph in a text editor. Shift changes case, Backspace deletes, and Tab inserts a tab space.

note!Answer: D) Scanner
A pointing device is an input device used to control the movement of the cursor or pointer on the computer screen.

-> Joystick is a pointing device.
-> Light pen is a pointing device.
-> Digitizing tablet (graphics tablet) is a pointing device.

A Scanner is also an input device, but it is used to scan papers, photos or documents and convert them into digital form. It does not control the cursor or pointer on the screen.
So, the device that is not a pointing device is the Scanner.

note!Answer: C) Joystick
A joystick has a vertical stick that is moved like a gearshift lever to control the cursor. The other options are a light pen, pointing stick and trackball, which have different shapes.