Computer & IT

note!Answer: A) Stationary
A trackball stays in place and the user rotates the ball with fingers, unlike a mouse that moves across the surface.

note!Answer: B) Internal memory
Internal (primary) memory holds the programs and data the CPU is currently using.

note!Answer: A) Mnemonics
Mnemonics are short English-like abbreviations used in assembly language instead of binary opcodes.

note!Answer: B) operate the device which input and output data from the computer
Computer operators run and operate the input and output devices and equipment of a computer system.

note!Answer: B) DRAM
DRAM stores each bit in a capacitor that leaks charge, so it must be refreshed periodically. SRAM and ROM do not need refreshing.

note!Answer: A) OCR
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) scans printed text and converts it into machine-readable characters. OMR reads marks and MICR reads magnetic ink characters.

note!Answer: C) J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchly
ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. Von Neumann later proposed the stored-program architecture.

note!Answer: C) Infallible
"Infallible" means never making errors. Computers are reliable but can still make errors due to software bugs or hardware faults.

note!Answer: D) Z-80
The TRS-80 used the 8-bit Zilog Z-80 microprocessor. Z-8000 is a 16-bit chip, and the other options are not used in the TRS-80.

note!Answer: B) Motherboard
The main circuit board of a PC is called the motherboard. Other boards, such as expansion cards, plug into it and are called daughterboards.

note!Answer: A) Motherboard
The motherboard holds the CPU, memory, expansion slots and other main components on a single board. A daughterboard is a smaller board that plugs into the motherboard.

note!Answer: C) Compiler
A compiler translates the whole source program into machine code before execution. An interpreter translates and executes one instruction at a time.

note!Answer: B) 11
2048 = 2^11, so 11 address lines are needed to select each of the 2048 locations.

note!Answer: C) IBM
IBM is nicknamed "Big Blue" because of its corporate colour and logo.

note!Answer: B) 1984
IBM introduced the PC/AT, based on the Intel 80286 processor, in 1984.

note!Answer: B) 20
ENIAC could store 20 numbers, each of 10 decimal digits, in its accumulators. The question's names (Motley and Accrete) are misprinted; the computer was built by Eckert and Mauchly.

note!Answer: C) USA
The digital computer was developed primarily in the USA in the 1940s, with ENIAC as an early example.

note!Answer: B) Control and communications
Cybernetics, defined by Norbert Wiener, is the science of control and communication in machines and living beings.

note!Answer: D) Jacquard
Joseph Marie Jacquard used punched cards in 1804 to control patterns on looms. Hollerith later used punch cards for data processing.

note!Answer: B) Diskless computers
A diskless computer has no disk or diskette drive and typically loads its software from a network or ROM.