Computer & IT

note!Answer: C) An address
An address identifies a specific storage location in memory. A byte and a record are units of data, not identifiers.

note!Answer: B) Disk
A disk is secondary storage that keeps data permanently. A keyboard is an input device and the ALU is a processor component.

note!Answer: A) Temporary, permanent
Primary memory (RAM) is temporary and loses data when power is off, while storage such as disks keeps data permanently.

note!Answer: C) Both circular tracks and sectors
A floppy disk is divided into circular tracks, and each track is divided into sectors. 'Only' makes options a and b incomplete.

note!Answer: B) 72
Group the binary digits in threes from the right: 111 010 gives 7 and 2, so the octal value is 72.

note!Answer: A) Analytical engine
Charles Babbage conceived the Analytical Engine, a design for a general-purpose mechanical computer. Donald Knuth was a computer scientist, not a machine.

note!Answer: A) A device which is not connected to CPU
An offline device operates without direct control of the CPU. Being connected to the CPU defines an online device.

note!Answer: D) Program counter
The program counter holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched. The memory address register holds the address of the current memory access.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Microprocessors are the core of computers, digital systems and calculators, so all three are valid.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Floppy and hard disks, CD-ROMs and tape devices are all storage devices.

note!Answer: B) ROM
ROM (Read Only Memory) keeps its contents permanently and cannot be easily changed. RAM and its variants are volatile and rewritable.

note!Answer: B) Expanded
Expanded memory is accessed through bank-switching with EMS software because the CPU cannot address it directly.

note!Answer: A) Formatted
A disk must be formatted to create tracks and sectors before it can store data.

note!Answer: D) Input
A keyboard sends data into the computer, so it is an input device.

note!Answer: C) 7
Original ASCII used 7 bits for characters, and the eighth bit of each byte was reserved for parity error checking.

note!Answer: C) Intel
Intel is the largest microprocessor manufacturer, known for its x86 processor families.

note!Answer: A) Pulse code modulation
Pulse code modulation (PCM) samples an analog signal and encodes it as a digital bit stream.

note!Answer: B) Human ware
Humanware refers to the people who operate, manage and use computer systems.

note!Answer: C) CPU
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is considered the brain of the computer, controlling and executing instructions.

note!Answer: D) Humanware
Humanware means the people who work with and manage computers.