Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: A) one byte
A byte is 8 bits. A nibble is 4 bits, and a kilobyte and a gigabyte are much larger units.

note!Answer: C) DDL
DDL (Data Definition Language) is not a programming language. It is a part of SQL used to define the structure of a database, with commands like CREATE, ALTER and DROP. It cannot be used to write general programs with logic, loops and so on.

note!Answer: C) Interpreter
-> A compiler translates the whole program at one time into machine code.
-> An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.
-> A translator is a general name for any program that translates code (like compiler or interpreter).
-> An interpreter reads the source program one line at a time, translates that line, and immediately runs it. Then it moves to the next line.
So, the program that translates line by line is an Interpreter.

note!Answer: D) MS-Windows
Packaged software means ready-made application software that you can buy and use directly for specific tasks (like writing documents, making presentations, or managing databases).

-> MS-Word is packaged software (for writing documents).
-> MS-PowerPoint is packaged software (for making presentations).
-> MS-Access is packaged software (for creating databases).

MS-Windows is an operating system. It is system software that controls the computer hardware and runs other programs. It is not considered an example of packaged (application) software.

note!Answer: C) Speaker
A speaker is an output device because it sends sound out of the computer. Mouse, scanner and digital camera are input devices.

note!Answer: A) Keyboard
The keyboard is the most widely used input device for typing text and commands. The other options are used far less often.

note!Answer: C) 101 keys
The standard keyboard used in personal computers is called the Enhanced Keyboard (or AT Enhanced Keyboard).
It has 101 keys in the common US layout.
(Some European versions have 102 keys, and modern Windows keyboards have 104 keys with the Windows and Menu keys. But in most basic computer exam questions, the accepted standard answer is 101 keys.)

note!Answer: B) Caps Lock
The Caps Lock key toggles between uppercase and lowercase letter entry. Alt, Ctrl and Enter have other functions.

note!Answer: B) Backspace
The Backspace key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. Delete removes the character to the right.

note!Answer: C) Enter
The Enter key inserts a new line or starts a new paragraph in a text editor. Shift changes case, Backspace deletes, and Tab inserts a tab space.

note!Answer: D) Scanner
A pointing device is an input device used to control the movement of the cursor or pointer on the computer screen.

-> Joystick is a pointing device.
-> Light pen is a pointing device.
-> Digitizing tablet (graphics tablet) is a pointing device.

A Scanner is also an input device, but it is used to scan papers, photos or documents and convert them into digital form. It does not control the cursor or pointer on the screen.
So, the device that is not a pointing device is the Scanner.

note!Answer: C) Joystick
A joystick has a vertical stick that is moved like a gearshift lever to control the cursor. The other options are a light pen, pointing stick and trackball, which have different shapes.

note!Answer: B) Touch screen
A touch screen uses sensors on the display to detect the touch of a finger. The light pen detects light, and the pointing stick and joystick are not touch-sensitive displays.

note!Answer: A) Light pen
A light pen is a light-sensitive stylus that detects light from the screen to select or draw on it. The other options are not light-sensitive styluses.

note!Answer: B) Fax machine
MICR, OMR and OCR are all mark or character recognition devices. A fax machine transmits documents and does not recognize marks or characters.

note!Answer: C) Universal Product Code
The bar code system is the Universal Product Code (UPC), used to identify products through printed bars. ASCII, EBCDIC and Unicode are character encoding schemes, not bar code systems.

note!Answer: D) Bar code
Vertical light and dark stripes printed on products are called bar codes. They are read by scanners to identify the product.

note!Answer: A) MICR
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) reads characters printed with magnetized ink, mainly on bank cheques. It is the standard device for this task.

note!Answer: D) OMR
OMR (Optical Mark Reader) detects marked positions on forms, such as answer sheets, and is used to check and process test marks.

note!Answer: B) Smart card
A SIM card is a smart card, which contains a chip for storing and processing data. Magnetic stripe cards store data only in a magnetic strip.