Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: C) Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage conceived the Analytical Engine, a programmable mechanical computer, in the 1830s.

note!Answer: D) Hard disk
A hard disk generally has a much higher storage capacity than a CD, DVD, or floppy disk. Traditional capacities are approximately:
- CD: 650–700 MB
- DVD: 4.7 GB (single-layer)
- Floppy disk: 1.44 MB (standard 3.5-inch disk)
- Hard disk: Hundreds of GB to multiple TB

note!Answer: A) Input
A mouse sends user actions to the computer, so it is an input device.

note!Answer: D) all of the above
A monitor is an output device, and color depth and color resolution are also concepts associated with displaying images on a monitor. Therefore, A, B, and C all match a monitor. As written, none of these is a correct “not match” option, so option D (“all of the above”) does not logically fit either.

note!Answer: C) Vacuum tubes
First generation computers used vacuum tubes as their main electronic components.

note!Answer: A) China, 2000BC
The abacus is an ancient counting device traditionally associated with China. Many computer-fundamentals textbooks give its early use as around 2000 BC, although the exact origin and date are historically uncertain.

note!Answer: B) Assembly
Assembly is a low-level language that maps closely to machine code. Basic and Java are high-level languages.

note!Answer: B) 1KB
A kilobyte (KB) is commonly taken as 1000 bytes in this context. MB, GB and TB are much larger units.

note!Answer: A) Hardware controller
A device driver is software that allows the operating system to communicate with and control a hardware device. However, the option “Hardware controller” is not the technically precise definition of a device driver.

note!Answer: C) Dot matrix printer
Dot matrix printers strike an ink ribbon with pins, which makes them impact printers. Laser, inkjet and bubble jet printers are non-impact.

note!Answer: B) Discrete data
Digital computers process discrete (separate, countable) data in binary form. Continuous data is handled by analog computers.

note!Answer: D) Printer
A monitor and screen refer to visual display devices, while a console is commonly associated with a computer’s display and control interface. A printer produces output on paper, making it the odd one out in this MCQ.

note!Answer: C) Zip disk
A Zip drive is a hardware device used to read and write data. A hard disk is a storage device, and a NIC (Network Interface Card) is hardware that connects a computer to a network. A Zip disk is the removable storage medium used with a Zip drive, rather than the drive hardware itself.

note!Answer: D) No one of the above
Both EBCDIC and ASCII are character-encoding systems that represent letters, numbers, and symbols using binary codes. ANSI is associated with standards, including character encodings. Therefore, A and B can both be related to binary coding, so the question is ambiguous as written.

note!Answer: B) Monitor
SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) is a display standard for monitors.

note!Answer: A) Optical
CD-ROMs store and read data using optical (laser light) technology.

note!Answer: A) Disk
A hard disk is a popular secondary storage device used to store the operating system, applications, and user files permanently.

note!Answer: A) 1.24
Standard floppy disk capacities are 360 KB, 720 KB and 1.44 MB. 1.24 is not a standard capacity.

note!Answer: A) Software
Software acts as an interface between the user and the computer system. It allows users to interact with the computer and instruct its hardware to perform tasks.

note!Answer: D) A direct input device
OCR is a direct input device that reads printed text and converts it into machine-readable data.