Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: C) Fixed disk
A hard disk in a microcomputer is permanently installed inside the case, so it is called a fixed disk.

note!Answer: A) UPS
A UPS provides temporary backup power when the commercial electricity supply suddenly fails or is interrupted. This allows you to continue working briefly and shut down the computer safely.

note!Answer: A) Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive is known as a mass storage device because it stores large amounts of data, including the operating system, applications, and user files, for long-term use.

note!Answer: D) XT computer
Computers can be classified on the basis of model into XT, AT, and PS/2. XT stands for eXtended Technology. Therefore, XT computer is the correct answer when the question asks which computer falls under classification by model.

note!Answer: D) Fifth generation
In traditional computer-fundamentals curricula, biochips are associated with fifth-generation computers, which focus on artificial intelligence (AI), advanced processing, and emerging technologies.

note!Answer: A) John Napier in 1614
John Napier invented Napier's Bones, a calculating aid, and published it in 1614.

note!Answer: B) Display section
A basic computer system is commonly described in terms of three main functional units: Input, Processing, and Output. “Display section” is not one of these standard sections; a display is an output device.

note!Answer: B) Facts and figures related to the user
Data is raw facts and figures that can be processed into information.

note!Answer: D) Data cannot transfer from this device to hard disk
Magnetic tape is a reusable storage medium that uses sequential access, and accessing specific data is relatively slow. However, data stored on magnetic tape can be transferred to a hard disk using suitable hardware and software. Therefore, option D is not a feature of magnetic tape.

note!Answer: C) Analog computer
Analog computers process continuously varying physical quantities such as voltage or temperature.

note!Answer: B) Firmware
Firmware is software permanently stored in ROM, including system diagnostic programs such as POST.

note!Answer: B) RAM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that temporarily holds data and programs while the computer is running.

note!Answer: C) Mother Board
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects the CPU, memory, and other components.

note!Answer: A) Statement
A statement is an instruction written in a programming language. A program consists of a set of statements that tell the computer what tasks to perform.

note!Answer: B) Monitor
A soft copy is output shown on a screen, and the monitor is the display device.

note!Answer: B) Millisecond
A millisecond is one thousandth (10^-3) of a second.

note!Answer: A) John Napier
John Napier was a Scottish mathematician who introduced logarithms in the early 17th century. Logarithms simplify complex calculations, especially multiplication and division.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
All three statements describe aspects of a computer:
- A. A computer can perform calculations automatically according to instructions.
- B. A computer processes numerical data and performs mathematical operations.
- C. A computer is a machine developed by humans.
Therefore, the expected MCQ answer is D. All of the above.

note!Answer: C) Collecting and converting the data into useful information
Data processing means collecting and converting raw data into useful information.

note!Answer: B) Enter information
A keyboard is an input device used to enter information into the computer.