Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: D) CPU
The CPU consists of the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).

note!Answer: B) Microprocessor
In a microcomputer, the CPU is built on a single chip and is called a microprocessor.

note!Answer: A) Set of instructions
A computer program is a set of instructions that receives input and processes it to produce output.

note!Answer: C) Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine in the 1820s.

note!Answer: D) John von Neumann
John von Neumann is associated with the stored-program computer concept, in which both data and program instructions are stored in the computer's memory. This is known as the Von Neumann architecture.

note!Answer: D) No one of the above
The punched-card data-processing system was developed and popularized by Herman Hollerith in the late 19th century. He used punched cards to process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Since his name is not listed, option D is correct.

note!Answer: B) Punch card
A punch card is a traditional input device that also serves as a storage medium. Data and instructions are represented by holes punched into the card. The card can be read by a punch-card reader to enter data into a computer.

note!Answer: D) No one of the above
All the physical, touchable parts of a computer are called hardware. Examples include the keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPU, and printer. Since “Hardware” is not listed among the options, the correct answer is D.

note!Answer: C) Firmware
Firmware is software permanently stored in hardware, usually supplied by the hardware manufacturer.

note!Answer: B) One byte
A character is typically stored in one byte, which is 8 bits.

note!Answer: A) 10^9 Bytes
In the decimal system commonly used in traditional computer-fundamentals MCQs, 1 GB = \(10^9\) bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes.
Note: In the binary system, 1 GiB = \(2^{30}\) bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes.

note!Answer: C) Mainframe computer
Mainframe computers are designed to support many users working at the same time.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
In older computer-fundamentals textbooks, microcomputers are commonly associated with PC, PC-XT, and PC-AT categories. Therefore, when all three are listed as options, All of the above is the likely expected exam answer.

note!Answer: D) Fifth generation
Artificial intelligence is associated with the fifth generation of computers, which aimed at knowledge-based reasoning.

note!Answer: C) A communication path way over which information and signal are transferred
A bus is a communication pathway through which data, information, and signals travel between computer components.

note!Answer: B) Daisy wheel printer
Daisy wheel printers are impact printers that strike the paper, making them very noisy compared with laser or inkjet printers.

note!Answer: C) Screen resolution
These are common display resolutions, given as width by height in pixels.

note!Answer: B) Data
Raw, unprocessed facts and figures are called data; processing them yields information.

note!Answer: A) Information
When data is processed and refined into a meaningful form, it becomes information.

note!Answer: D) Communication of data
Combining computing and communication technologies enables the communication of data across networks.