Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: B) ASCII
ASCII is the standard character encoding that maps keystrokes to binary codes.

note!Answer: C) The smallest resolvable part of a picture
A pixel (picture element) is the smallest addressable unit of a digital image.

note!Answer: A) Binary
Computers store and process data in binary, the base-2 number system.

note!Answer: A) Scanner
A scanner is an input device that converts documents into digital form.

note!Answer: D) Laser
Compact discs store and read data optically using a laser beam.

note!Answer: C) Firmware
Firmware is software permanently stored in ROM, blending hardware and software characteristics.

note!Answer: D) All of these
Primary memory holds data, programs, and results during processing.

note!Answer: C) Erasing and reconstructing the contents of ROM
EPROM can be erased (typically by UV light) and reprogrammed with new contents.

note!Answer: D) Central Processing Unit
The memory unit is one of the main components of the CPU along with the control unit and ALU.

note!Answer: B) Second Generation Computer
IBM 1401 was a transistor-based machine, which makes it a second generation computer.

note!Answer: A) Medium Scale Integrated Circuits
MSI means Medium Scale Integration, a level of IC packing density.

note!Answer: D) 1.44 MB
The standard 3.5 inch high-density floppy disk holds 1.44 MB.

note!Answer: A) Magnetic Ink Character Reader
MICR is Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, used to read cheque numbers.

note!Answer: C) Scientific Applications
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) was designed for scientific and numerical computing.

note!Answer: D) All of the above
Floppy disks, tapes and network drives can all be used to store backup copies of data.

note!Answer: A) a sound card and speakers
Playing sound requires a sound card to produce audio and speakers to output it; a microphone is for recording.

note!Answer: D) Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic tapes have the lowest cost per bit among these storage devices.

note!Answer: C) Register
A register is a group of flip-flops that together store a multi-bit word.

note!Answer: B) Bytes
Bytes (8 bits) are the standard unit for data storage and addressing.

note!Answer: D) Shift register
A shift register moves stored bits left or right on each clock pulse.