Computer Fundamental

note!Answer: B) Buses
Sets of parallel conducting lines on the motherboard that carry data between components are called buses.

note!Answer: A) Machine language
Machine language consists of binary instructions that the computer hardware understands directly.

note!Answer: C) MIPS
MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second) measures and compares processing speed.

note!Answer: A) Lower bound
The smallest index value of an array is its lower bound.

note!Answer: B) Application
Games are a type of application software, designed for user entertainment.

note!Answer: D) A keyboard and screen
A dumb terminal has only a keyboard and screen and relies on the host computer for processing.

note!Answer: C) Blocking factor
The blocking factor is the number of records stored in one block on magnetic tape.

note!Answer: B) Dynamic RAM
Dynamic RAM stores bits as charge in capacitors that leak, so it must be refreshed continuously.

note!Answer: A) Stationary
A trackball stays in place and the user rotates the ball with fingers, unlike a mouse that moves across the surface.

note!Answer: B) Internal memory
Internal (primary) memory holds the programs and data the CPU is currently using.

note!Answer: A) Mnemonics
Mnemonics are short English-like abbreviations used in assembly language instead of binary opcodes.

note!Answer: B) operate the device which input and output data from the computer
Computer operators run and operate the input and output devices and equipment of a computer system.

note!Answer: B) DRAM
DRAM stores each bit in a capacitor that leaks charge, so it must be refreshed periodically. SRAM and ROM do not need refreshing.

note!Answer: A) OCR
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) scans printed text and converts it into machine-readable characters. OMR reads marks and MICR reads magnetic ink characters.

note!Answer: C) J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchly
ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. Von Neumann later proposed the stored-program architecture.

note!Answer: C) Infallible
"Infallible" means never making errors. Computers are reliable but can still make errors due to software bugs or hardware faults.

note!Answer: D) Z-80
The TRS-80 used the 8-bit Zilog Z-80 microprocessor. Z-8000 is a 16-bit chip, and the other options are not used in the TRS-80.

note!Answer: B) Motherboard
The main circuit board of a PC is called the motherboard. Other boards, such as expansion cards, plug into it and are called daughterboards.

note!Answer: A) Motherboard
The motherboard holds the CPU, memory, expansion slots and other main components on a single board. A daughterboard is a smaller board that plugs into the motherboard.

note!Answer: C) Compiler
A compiler translates the whole source program into machine code before execution. An interpreter translates and executes one instruction at a time.