Computer Networking

note!Answer: C) not a protocol
The OSI model is a conceptual reference framework, not a protocol itself; protocols are implemented within its layers.

note!Answer: C) user data
A data packet consists of a header followed by the user data (payload).

note!Answer: A) seventh layer
The application layer is the topmost, seventh layer of the OSI model.

note!Answer: B) circuit switching
Circuit switching sets up a dedicated end-to-end channel between two stations for the duration of the call.

note!Answer: D) transport layer
The transport layer provides end-to-end (host-to-host) connectivity and reliable delivery between processes.

note!Answer: A) broad cast
Broadcast is the simultaneous transmission of data to multiple stations.

note!Answer: C) duplex
Duplex (full duplex) communication allows simultaneous transmission in both directions. Simplex is one way only, and half duplex allows both ways but not at the same time.

note!Answer: B) converting digital signals to analog singals
Modulation converts digital data into an analog signal for transmission over analog media. The reverse process is demodulation.

note!Answer: B) star network
In a star network, every node connects to a central hub or computer, and all data passes through it.

note!Answer: C) host computer
A host computer is the central controlling computer that manages the network's terminals and distributed processors.

note!Answer: C) multiplexer
A multiplexer combines several signals over one channel, linking the CPU and peripherals.

note!Answer: C) daisy chain
A daisy chain connects several devices in series to a single controller.

note!Answer: D) all of these
Coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and microwave circuits all carry high-bandwidth broadband signals.

note!Answer: B) interface card
Each computer connects to a LAN through a network interface card (NIC).

note!Answer: B) Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN connects computers over a small area such as a building, without telephone lines.

note!Answer: B) WAN
A Wide Area Network (WAN) covers regional, national or global distances.